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Is there a correct way to perform dua after salaah?
I have been told that, if you do not mention the prophet of Islam in your dua's, your dua does not get accepted apparently. I'm Not sure if this is true or not.
So my question basically is, is there a structured way to offer a dua with certain outlined dua's which should be recited after salaah?
I am looking for the Sunni > Hanafi > Deobandi view point.
There is no narration or evidence respectively that the Prophet (ﷺ) would have made Du'a "after" an obligatory Prayer. Rather, he made supplications during Salah, mainly in Sujud or in the Tashhahud.
It is narrated in At-Tirmidhi (3499), which Abu I'sa classed Hasan, it is narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said, after he was asked 'which supplication is most likely to be listened to', to which 'He said': "(During) the last part of the night, and at the end of the obligatory prayers."
What is meant by "at the end of the prayer (Dibr as-Salah)" here is in the last part of the prayer before the Salam because 'dibr ash-shay' (lit. the end of a thing) is part of it. Ibn al-Qayyim said in Zad al-Ma'ad (1/295): 'At the end of the prayer' may be understood as meaning before the Salam or after it. Our Shaykh [Ibn Taymiyyah] regarded it as more likely that it is before the Salam. I asked him about that and he said: 'Dibr kulli shay' (the end of everything) is part of it, like the 'dibr' (rear end) of an animal.'
A'li ibn Abi Talib said: 'Every supplication is veiled until he prays for the Prophet (ﷺ).' Narrated in Kitab Muntaqa (40) and Shaykh Albani classed it Hasan in Sahih al-Jam'i (4523); and in At-Tirmidhi (486) it is narrated that U'mar said: 'Indeed, the supplication stops between the heavens and the earth. Nothing of it is raised up until you send Salat upon your Prophet.' Shaykh Albani said in As-Sahihah (5/54-8 - #2035): 'In conclusion, when all these Isnads and corroborating reports are taken into account, the Hadith is Hasan [li Ghayrihi] at the very least, Insha-allah.'
These narrations are Mawquf, yet such matters cannot be on the basis of personal opinion, so it is regarded as coming under the heading of Marf'u. Additionally, it should be stated to this matter that the Prophet (ﷺ), as shown in many narrations, right away made Du'a without any structure (for example due to urgency), which will be addressed in the next question.
Beforehand, I would like to state, since you include the relation of the "schools of thought" into your questioning: Every school of thought is basing all of their opinions on Qur'an and Sunnah (here, Sunnah fundamentally means: based on narrations) and what their core scholars of that school of thought investigated, understood (with their Ijtihad) and therefore conveyed. By all means, I will only deliver the evidence and bring them into context to answer your question.
Abdullah said: [...] 'I started off with praising Allah, then sending Salat upon the Prophet, then supplicating for myself. So the Prophet said': "Ask, your request will be granted, ask, your request will be granted."
At-Tirmidhi (593) which Abu I'sa classed Hasan Sahih
For instance:
(1) Alhamdulillahi kathira - Praise be to Allah in plenty
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A man said: Praise be to Allah in plenty - the Angel saw this as a great matter, therefore verifying this with his Lord, so He said: Write it as my servant said: In plenty!
Mu'jam al-Awsat (2061); and in Ad-Du'a (1685): "Write plenty of my Mercy for My slave!" Hasan li Ghayrihi in Sahih at-Targhib (1577/8)
(2) Allahumma salli a'la Muhammad - Ya Allah, prayers be upon Muhammad
(3) At this point, according to the narration, you start with the supplication:
Here, it is noteworthy to mention how the Prophet Sulayman (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) approached Allah Almighty: "He said: My Lord, forgive me and grant me a kingdom such as will not belong to anyone after me." [Surah Sad 35] | Here we see that firstly, he sought forgiveness from Allah before he asked for such a great matter - a kingdom. This indicates that before you want to ask Allah for something that you seek forgiveness so that you are infront of Allah with a clean sheet which could even further enable your Du'a to be answered.
Also, it is narrated in At-Tirmidhi (3505), which Shaykh Albani classed Sahih in Sahih at-Targhib (1826), that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"The supplication of Dhun-Nun (Prophet Yunus), when he supplicated, while in the belly of the whale, was: 'There is none worthy of worship except You, Glory to You, Indeed, I have been of the transgressors.' (La ilaha illa anta Subhanak(a), inni kuntu minadh-dhalimin) - So indeed, no Muslim man supplicates with it for anything, ever, except Allah responds to him."
So one approach is to utter this Du'a from Yunus (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) and then say, for example: Allahum-maghfirli.
Then, it is narrated in Abu Dawud (1493), which Shaykh Albani classed Sahih in Sahih Abu Dawud (1341), that 'the Prophet (ﷺ) heard a man say':
'O Allah, I ask Thee, I bear witness that there is no god but Thou, the One, He to Whom men repair, Who has not begotten, and has not been begotten, and to Whom no one is equal' (Allahumma inni asaluka an-ni ash-hadu An-naka Antallah - La ilaha illa ant - Al-Ahadus-samad, Alladhi lam yalid wa lam yulad, wa lam yakul-lahu kufuwan ahad) And he said: "He has asked Allah by His Greatest Name which, if He is asked thereby He gives, and if He is called upon thereby He answers." | Ibn Hajar said in Fath al-Bari (11/225): 'This is the most selected [authentic Hadith] in terms of chains of narrations from all the other [ones, about Allah's most sublime names].'
And after this, you ask for what you desire.
Yet, be mindful of this following Hadith which is narrated in Musnad Ahmad (11133) and graded Hasan Sahih by Shaykh Albani in Sahih at-Targhib (1633) that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"No Muslim supplicates with a Du'a that does not involve sin or severing ties of kinship, except that Allah will give him one of three things for it: Either He will speed up his supplication for him (realise it in this world), or He will store it for him in the Hereafter, or He will divert from him a similar evil."
"The invocation of anyone of you is granted (by Allah) if he does not show impatience (by saying: I invoked Allah but my request has not been granted)."
Al-Bukhari (6340)
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "No believer turns his face to Allah and asks Him for something but that He gives it to him, either by giving it to him sooner in this world or storing it up for him in the Next World, as long as he does not try to make it come quickly." 'They asked: Messenger of Allah, what does 'making it come quickly' mean?' He said: "[The one who] says: I asked and asked and do not think that I will be answered."
Adab al-Mufrad (711) graded Sahih by Shaykh Albani
When you make Du'a, it is good to face the Qibla as narrated in Muslim (1763):
'The Prophet (ﷺ) turned (his face) towards the Qibla. Then he stretched his hands and began his supplication to his Lord:' [...]
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Your Lord is munificent and generous, and is ashamed to turn away empty the hands of His servant when he raises them to Him."
Abu Dawud (1488) and graded Sahih by Shaykh Albani in Sahih Abu Dawud (1337)
For more information, read this: Link
Make Dua in Sujood during Salah. It's mentioned in Sahih Muslim Hadith#1083 and many more. Other than that recite the Tasbih of Allah and then send blessings upon the Prophet (pbuh) then make Dua. In Sha ALLAH Allah will answer your prayers.
Bismillah-Hirrahman-ir-Raheem First of you can make Dua whenever, you want. But among the most favored Dua Times is after farad (Obligatory) Salah. You should start with Darood on the prophet and then you should pray for His Blessings. The best are the Duas from Quran. Secondly from Hadith and thridly from sahaba and others. You can request for His Blessings and Mercies in every language. Almighty is always near His slave. May Almighty give us strength to follow our Prophet (SAW) . Amen
