Salaams,
First of all angels were being informed here by Allah (swt)of His plan of creating a "Khalifa" successor/viceergent, as angels will be playing an important role to support,help and serve humanity, in this verse.
The angels were not questioning or criticizing God un auzobillah,they were wondering why God is creating a revised edition of a being (hence the name successor)as they are already doing a good job of worshipping Allah(s)in best possible way.
This proves that angels are intelligent beings, they have to be,if they are going to serve a being with intellect but the angels not been given freewill to do things which they are only programmed for. They have only that amount of knowledge which Allah(s) has taught them.
The names or terminology taught by Allah(s)to man, signify the potential capability of man to be able to learn things,extract deeper meaning behind things around him, through their intellect / Aqal. So if purpose of creation is to worship God and glorify Him, then the humanity was equipped with the tool of intellect,using this tool and not like other beings or things.The superiority of man, thus is in his capability of acquiring knowledge.
Equipped with freewill as well (being Khalifa) Knowledge acquired could be used in a bad or good way in creating "Fasad" as angels predicted rightly so.Most importantly the names taught by Allah(swt)would be true most authentic and beneficial knowledge as Allah(s) being the ultimate source of knowledge. I think the names taught To man signify knowledge given both about faith and science/world showing the unity of learning both as one, originating from same one God.
