Yes, a father can marry off his minor male child without his consent. This is the opinion the four madhabs.
واتفقوا على أن الأب يجبر ابنه الصغير على النكاح، وكذلك ابنته الصغيرة البكر ولا يستأمرها
They agreed that a father can force his minor son to marry, as well as his minor virgin daughter, without consulting her
— Bidayat al-Mujtahid
It is without the child's consent because taking the consent of a child is meaningless, since they are not able to understand things properly or to decide wisely for themselves. It is their father who is their legal guardian and is responsible for deciding everything on their behalf. For example it is their father who will manage their finances, conduct transactions on their behalf, put them in school, take them to the dentist etc. He can do this even if the child themselves disagree because the father understands and knows better and he has great compassion towards the child and so is expected to decide what is in their best interest. Similarly it is the father who will decide whether they need to marry and who will be a suitable spouse for them.
The evidence of this includes:
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وأنكحوا الأيامى منكم والصالحين من عبادكم وإمائكم
And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves.
— Quran 24:32
This verse is addressed to guardians and tells them to marry off those who are unmarried among their dependents. Both minors and adults are included in the literal meaning of أيامى (unmarried ones) and there is no other evidence to exclude them.
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أن ابن عمر زوج ابنا له ابنة أخيه وابنه صغير يومئذ
Ibn Umar married off his son to the daughter of his brother and his son was a minor at that time
— Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
This is the act of a sahabi which is a source of evidence for the law.
It serves an interest: the father might come across a suitable match which will be lost if he waits for the child to grow up. Hence he can conduct marriage on behalf of his child to secure the opportunity while it is available.
