Who and when did this bid'ah for the first time in adhan?

Question

In Sunni Islam adhan (اذان) is as follows:

اَللهُ اَکبَر (4 times)

اَشهَدُ اَن لا اِلَهَ اِلَّا الله (2 times)

اَشهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّد رَسُولُ الله (2 times)

حَیِّ عَلَی الصَّلاة (2 times)

حَیِّ عَلَی الفَلاح (2 times)

حَیِّ عَلَی خَیرِالعَمَل (1 time)

اَللهُ اَکبَر (2 times)

لا اِلَهَ اِلّا الله (2 times)

But in Shia Islam there are execssive parts between two of the parts:

اَشهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّد رَسُولُ الله (2 times)

اَشهَدُ اَنَّ عَلِی وَلیُ الله (1 time)

اَشهَدُ اَنَّ عَلِی حُجَّةُ الله (1 time)

حَیِّ عَلَی الصَّلاة (2 times)

The adhan that was recited by the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) and his companions clearly was the Sunni version.

But somewhere in history Shiites did this bid'ah in adhan. Now in Iran I know the Shiite version is recited.

Who and when did this bid'ah?

Answer 1

The question advertises wrong claims:

1. Sunni's Adhan doesn't contain حَیِّ عَلَی خَیرِالعَمَل, even one time, according to Wikipedia, while it was a part of Adhan indeed, cf. here.

2. Sunni's Adhan does not universally start by 4xاَللهُ اَکبَر , but sometimes by 2xاَللهُ اَکبَر, so that some recite two less and some recite 2 extra اَللهُ اَکبَر at the start of Adhan, cf. Wikipedia

3. Sunni's Adhan for Fajr contains ٱلصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ ٱلنَّوْمِ which according to some Sunni scholars was added to Adhan by the 2nd Caliph, cf. Wikipedia and here

4. Sunnis do not consider Adhan to be from God (contrary to Shias) for then to argue if adding to it is innovation or not, cf. again Wikipedia

5. also read the rest of the pages (Wikipedia & wikifeqh) for other clues regarding similar issues

6. Shia's Adhan is considered normally not to contain اَشهَدُ اَنَّ عَلِی وَلیُ الله as a part of Adhan, and sometimes even it is declared Haram for someone to consider it as a part of Adhan, though it is encouraged to recite the lines knowing them not to belong to Adhan. This is like sending peace to the holy prophet PBUH when you testify his prophethood, sending peace here is not a part of Adhan but it is encouraged to be recited. We sometimes add many other parts to Adhan as well, but again whoever that recite them should bear in mind that the extensions are not parts of Adhan.

But regarding the main point in the question, as for who recited the lines for the first time, according to wikifiqh the first ones were two companions of the holy prophet PBUHH, AbuDhar and Salman God Bless them, in the time of holy prophet PBUH and the holy prophet approved it, although didn't consider what they recited as part of Adhan so that everyone should do the same.

Answer 2

Wasa'il al-Shia Vol. 5, Section 6, Chapter 19, Hadith 6986 https://wasail-al-shia.net/h/6986

وقال الصدوق بعدما ذكر حديث أبي بكر الحضرمي وكليب الأسدي: هذا هو الأذان الصحيح لا يزاد فيه ولا ينقص منه،

And Al-Saduq said after mentioning the hadith of Abu Bakr Al-Hadrami and Kulayb Al-Asadi: This is the correct adhan, nothing is to be added to it or subtracted from it.

والمفوضة لعنهم الله قد وضعوا أخبارا وزادوا بها في الأذان محمد وآل محمد خير البرية مرتين، وفي بعض رواياتهم بعد أشهد أن محمدا رسول الله: أشهد أن عليا ولي الله مرتين ومنهم من روى بدل ذلك أشهد أن عليا أمير المؤمنين حقا مرتين

The Mufawwidah (those who believe in the delegation of divine attributes), may Allah curse them, have fabricated reports and added to the adhan "Muhammad and the family of Muhammad are the best of creation" twice, and in some of their narrations after "I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah": "I bear witness that Ali is the wali of Allah" twice, and some of them narrated instead of that "I bear witness that Ali is truly the Commander of the Faithful" twice.

ولا شك أن عليا ولي الله وأنه أمير المؤمنين حقا وأن محمدا وآله خير البرية، ولكن ذلك ليس في أصل الأذان، وإنما ذكرت ذلك ليعرف بهذه الزيادة المتهمون بالتفويض المدلسون أنفسهم في جملتنا انتهى كلام الصدوق رئيس المحدثين رضي الله عنه.

There is no doubt that Ali is the wali of Allah and that he is truly the Commander of the Faithful and that Muhammad and his family are the best of creation, but that is not in the original adhan. I only mentioned this so that those accused of tafwid (delegation of divine attributes) who disguise themselves among us may be known by this addition. End of Al-Saduq's words, the chief of the hadith scholars, may Allah be pleased with him.

ويأتي ما يدل على بعض المقصود هنا وفي حديث من صلى خلف من لا يقتدى به، وفي كيفية الصلاة، وغير ذلك، ويأتي ما ظاهره المنافاة ونبين وجهه.

And there will come what indicates some of what is intended here and in the hadith of one who prays behind one who should not be followed, and in the manner of prayer, and other than that, and there will come what appears to contradict it and we will explain its aspect.

Wasa'il al-Shia Vol. 5, Section 6, Chapter 19, Hadith 6986 https://wasail-al-shia.net/h/6986

Answer 3

Salam,

In shia Islam , there are five pillars of Islam : tawhid ( monotheism), adl ( belief in the divine justice of Allah), Nubuwat (prophethood) , Imamate ( succession to prophet Muhammad) and Qiyamat ( day of judgement/resurrection).

Since Imamat is considered to be one of the founding pillars of Shia Islam , hence it is recommended ( not compulsory) to include it in adhan after testifying the prophethood of prophet Muhammad.

The adhan that was recited by the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) and his companions clearly was the Sunni version.

Indeed the part testifying the wilayah was not recited in adhan in Prophet's time. This is the exact reason which is why the wilayah part in not considered compulsory (but recommended) in shia adhan and hence is not a bidah ( which means that you can now edit some wordings from your questions now ).