Peace. Salaam.
God says in 7:204
, and I'm translating into English
And if the Qur'an is being read, then listen
to it and pay attention, that you may receive mercy.
And further, in 7:205
,
And remember your Lord within yourself, in humility and in reverence; and without loudness in words, during the morning and the evening. And do not be of the careless ones.
As you know, the Quran was originally, and still is, an oral recitation. You hear it, typically by those of us who can hear.
Plus, God is saying in 7:204
, when you do hear it, listen to it carefully. Other translations of that ayat say be quite and so on. Al'humdulilah.
Over time, if God wills, you get it.
Indeed, in chapter 75, verses 16-19, God tells us that He will take care of your individual Quranic knowledge for you. Of course, there can be other interpretations. Al'humdulilah.
Point?
No, you need not know Arabic to begin memorizing, learning or applying the Quran.
One last point. Modern colloquial Arabic, I have been informed from credible sources, is nothing like Quranic Arabic. In other words, native Arabic speakers have the same difficult journey acquiring the Koran and the same level playing field of receiving God's blessings from their beliefs and deeds, as God reminds us over and over in the Quran.
Insha'Allah you can learn more from sister Anse Susan Mouallem about your question in this relatively short and informative talk: https://youtu.be/lrMaZK5MXQY. Note, it has a Sunni school of thought theme for some claims. And God watches and guides, so you have the option of checking it out, I can vouch for it.
May God compound your perks of learning the Quran as soon as possible 🙂.
Wa'salaam u'Alykum.