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I have read Sunni as well as Shia books for the reference and confused that how many daughters our prophet actually have?

If have four daughters as per Hadith then it raise following points.

  1. Why did Holy Prophet PBUH took only one daughter in Mubahila event against christians while Allah ask in a plural way. Come lets bring your sons and our sons, your females and our females.
  2. Why only one daughter is the leader of all females in heaven? Isn't it injustice with other daughters and Prophet can never do injustice.
  3. Why only one daughter's children called Aulad e Rasool?
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    Salam and welcome to IslamSE the Q&A site about Islam. These are three different questions you should ask them separately. And as for the 3rd statement I'd ask you for an evidence for saying so, as I've never heard of it!
    – Medi1Saif ♦
    Commented Sep 14, 2018 at 8:18
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    Were the other daughters alive at the time of Mubahila?
    – UmH ♦
    Commented Sep 14, 2018 at 8:19
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    @Uma they weren't it is also unclear whether or not Ibrahim was alive, and even if he was he was a baby and wouldn't take part of the Mubahala الْمُبَاهَلَة.
    – Medi1Saif ♦
    Commented Sep 14, 2018 at 9:45
  • @Uma two of the daughters were alive on Fatah Makka and There are only two Quarnic verse revealed after Fatah Makka. It means Muhabila Happened before Fatah Makka and before the death of Hazrat Zainab (8-Hijri) & Umme Kulthoom (9-Hijri).
    – Syed Qamar Abbas
    Commented Sep 14, 2018 at 11:31
  • Usamah ibn Zayd narrated: I went to the Prophet (S) one night about something I required and he came out with something (I did not know what) under his cloak. When I had finished telling him my business I asked him what he had under his cloak, and when he opened it I saw al-Hasan and al-Husayn on his laps. He then said, "These are my sons and my daughter’s sons. O Allah, I love them, so I beseech Thee to love them and those who love them.” - Sahih Tirmidhi, per: - Mishkat al-Masabih, English Version, Tdadition #6156 @Medi1Saif i think its enough reference for "Aulad e Rasool"
    – Syed Qamar Abbas
    Commented Sep 14, 2018 at 11:42

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The Prophet had four daughters. 

Why did Holy Prophet PBUH took only one daughter in Mubahila event 
against christians while  Allah ask in a plural way. Come lets bring your 
sons and our sons, your females and our females.

The verse of Mubahalah was revealed when a delegation from Najran met the Prophet and disputed with him about Isa عليه السلام.

قال ابن عباس : هم أهل نجران : السيد والعاقب وابن الحارث رؤساؤهم

Ibn Abbas said: They are the people of Najran : Saeed, Aqib and Ibn Harith were their leaders

— Tafsir al-Qurtuby

قال: نـزلت في العاقب والسيد من أهل نجران، وهما نصرانيان

He said: This was revealed regarding Aqib and Saeed who were from the people of Najran, and they were Christians

— Tafsir al-Tabary

The delegation came in 10 AH:

وفيها قدم وفد العاقب والسيد من نجران

This year came the delegation of Aqib and Saeed from Najran

— Tarikh Tabari ; سنه عشر (Tenth Year of Hijrah)

None of the other daughters of the Prophet, other than Fatimah, were alive at this time.

  • Zainab had died in 8 AH:

    فَفِيهَا تُوُفِّيَتْ- فِيمَا زَعَمَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ- زَيْنَبُ ابْنَةُ رَسُولِ الله ص

    This year died: Zainab the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ

    — Tarikh al-Tabari ; سنه ثمان من الهجره (Year Eight of Hijrah)

  • Ruqayyah had died in 2 AH:

    قَالَ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: فَأَتَانَا الْخَبَرُ حِينَ سَوَّيْنَا التُّرَابَ عَلَى رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رسول الله ص الَّتِي كَانَتْ عِنْدَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، كَانَ رسول الله ص خَلَّفَنِي عَلَيْهَا مَعَ عُثْمَانَ

    Osama bin Zaid said: When we received the news [of the victory at Badr] we were burying Ruqayyah the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. She was married to Uthman bin Affan and the Messenger of Allah had left behind Uthman and me to care for her.

    — Tarikh al-Tabari ; السنه الثانيه من الهجره (Second Year of Hijrah)

  • Umm Kulthum had died in 9 AH:

    وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ ماتت أم كلثوم ابنه رسول الله ص فِي شَعْبَانَ

    In this year died Umm Kulthum, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the month of Sha'ban

    — Tarikh al-Tabari ; سنه تسع (Year Nine)

Why only one daughter is the leader of all females in heaven? Isn't it 
injustice with other daughters and Prophet can never do injustice.

I don't understand your logic here. Why do all the daughters need to be equal in their excellence and virtue? Is not Yusuf عليه السلام of a higher rank to his brothers, despite them all being the sons of Yaqub عليه السلام?

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  • What about the Leadership of women in Jannah? Why only one daughter of Holy Prophet is the leader of all women in Jannah and thats only Hazrat Fatima S.A. even if other daughters have been passed away they could be made "Syeda tul Nasaa il Alameen" But Holy Prophet only made one daughter. Our Prophet never do injustice with anyone then why such a great injustice with his own daughters?
    – Syed Qamar Abbas
    Commented Sep 19, 2018 at 7:02
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    @SyedQamarAbbas I've already answered this. Why are Hassan and Hussain the leaders of the youth of paradise when Qasim, Abdullah and Ibrahim are the Prophet's direct sons?
    – UmH ♦
    Commented Sep 19, 2018 at 7:11
  • I am asking about Fatima Zahra. Not Hassan and Hussain. They are separate case than Fatima. Because Hassan and Hussain both are not direct sons. But Fatima is direct daughter just like others as per your Answer.
    – Syed Qamar Abbas
    Commented Sep 19, 2018 at 7:12
  • @SyedQamarAbbas And I am using your own logic against you, isn't it injustice to Ibrahim ,Qasim and Abdullah that they are not made leaders when they are sons of the Prophet? Grandsons are also sons.
    – UmH ♦
    Commented Sep 19, 2018 at 7:13
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    @SyedQamarAbbas Yes I do say that they are Muhammad's ﷺ sons. That is exactly what I am trying to say to you. I am using your own logic on the sons rather than the daughters.
    – UmH ♦
    Commented Sep 19, 2018 at 7:21

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