I generally read this duaa: Allahumma laka sumtu wa bika aamantu va Alaika tawakkaltu wa Ala rizqika aftartu. (Before breaking the fast)
And: Bisawmi gadin navaitu min shahri Ramadan (At the beginning of the fast)
I want to enquire as to whether or not the above mentioned Duaas are mentioned in the Sunnah of the Prophet. If not, can you please state the Supplication to be recited?
Analysis of the given formulations
I begin with what you called dua' at the beginning of the fast.
Bisawmi gadin navaitu min shahri Ramadan
this means literally:
Bisawmi: with fasting
gadin (ghadin): tommorow
navaitu (nawaytu) i intend
?...?
min: from
shahri: month (of)
Ramadan
so this is apparently a pronounced niyah or intention saying that you intend to fast the next day (which is a day of Ramadan), but there's something missing here!
Some scholar consider such a "pronounced niyah" a bid'ah. And this isn't a dua' at all. This page provides a lot of bid'ah which are related to Ramadan in Arabic.
Allahumma: O Allah
laka sumtu. for You I have fasted
wa bika aamantu: and I have believed in You (could be also considered in the meaning of presence form)
va Alaika tawakkaltu (wa alaika tawakaltu): and on You (only) I relay on
wa Ala rizqika: and by Your provision
aftartu: I have broken the fast
This is partly a known dua' but includes some additions, yes it isn't a bad dua' at all, but we have better sourced formulations!
Dua' from Hadith
There are a couple of formulation for dua' which are supported by Hadith such as:
اللهم لك صمت، وعلى رزقك أفطرت Allaahumma laka sumtu was ‘ala rizqika aftartu (O Allaah, for You I have fasted and by Your provision I have broken the fast)
This is taken from sunan abi Dawod (qualified as da'if by al-Albani, while abdulqadir al-Arnaout said that it "has some witnesses ولكنه له شواهد" , the Issue with this hadith is that it was narrated as a hadith but the last person who said that our Messenger used to say ... isn't a sahabi so the narrator chain is disconnected, but as it seems it has been narrated by others like Imam Ahmad -maybe- with some kind of weaknesses, but the amount of the narrations my support it)
ذهب الظمأ وابتلت العروق، وثبت الأجر إن شاء الله “Dhahaba a-dhamau’a (a-zamau), wa abtallat al-‘urooq wa thabata al-ajr insha Allah (Thirst has gone, the veins are moist, and the reward is assured, if Allaah wills).”
This is the most known formulation from sunan abi Dawod (qualified as hassan).
اللهم إني أسألك برحمتك التي وسعت كل شيء أن تغفر لي "Allahuma inny as-aluka birahmatika al-laty wasi'at kulla shay'in an taghfira ly (O Allah, I ask You by virtue of Your mercy which encompasses all things, to forgive me)
The last version is quoted as a dua' abdullah ibn 'Omar used to say according to a comment of ibn abi Mulaika (which has not been translated) in sunan ibn Majah.
I've also heard a combination of the two first du'a's which goes like this:
اللهم إني لك صمت، وعلى نعمتك أفطرت ذهب الظمأ وابتلت العروق، وثبت الأجر إن شاء الله
but as said it has as stated no backup in the sunnah, but is indeed a (correct) form of du'a. It could be used for that purpose but not with the believe that it is a correct passed on sunnah.
Recommendation of du'a while fasting
As much as I could search I couldn't find any backup for any kind of formulation for a du'a before beginning the fast. But there are hadiths which recommend performing du'a while fasting (without a given expression) like this one from jami' at-Tirmdihi:
“There are three whose supplication is not rejected: The fasting person when he breaks his fast, the just leader, and the supplication of the oppressed person; Allah raises it up above the clouds and opens the gates of heaven to it. And the Lord says: ‘By My might, I shall surely aid you, even if it should be after a while.’” (on the authority of abu Hurraira)
At the time of sahri Wa Bisaumi gaddin navaitu min shahri-Ramadan. At the time of iftar Allahumma inni laka sumtu wa bika aamantu va Alaika tawakkaltu wa Ala rizqika aftartu.
Taken from the book Worship in islam by Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi
Also you can follow the following link
here is Dua for Breaking fast and sehri dua.
Image credits:https://www.theramadankareem.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ramadan-fasting-dua.jpg
