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What exactly is the diamond mark printed in some mushafs in Surah Hud, verse 41, under the ra in "majrahaa"? Does this change the pronunciation?

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This marks the only place in the Hafs reading of the Quran where imala is applied.

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C4%81la#section_2

In the Hafs reading, you don't pronounce the vowel in the middle of "majraha" as a regular aliph. Instead, you pronounce it like the letter "A" in "fate". You should find an audio sample of the ayah by a good qari to get it exactly right.

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This is called Imala, and the word in the Hafs reading that has Imala is the Ayah in your question. It changes the"Fathah" a A sound to a "Kasra" a "e" or "i" sound, and it changes the "Alif" to a " Ya' ", so instead of saying "Majraha" you say "Majreha" or "Majriha".

You can hear it from a good reciter at Qur'an Explorer, chose Abdul Basit as the reciter or the down from him.

Sources: 2

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